Windows 2000 Server: Language and Locale

Language and locale settings are used to determine the language the computer will use. Windows 2000 supports many languages for the operating system interface and utilities.

Locale settings are used to configure the locality for items such as members, currencies, times, and dates. Examples of a locality are that English for United States specifies a short date as mm/dd/yyyy (month/day/year), and English for South Africa specifies a short date as yyyy/mm/dd (year/month/date).

Windows 2000 Server: How to join a domain

Domains are part of larger, centrally administrated networks. Install your computer as part of a domain if any Windows 2000 Server on your network are configured as domain controller with the Active Directory installed. To join a domain, you must specify the name of a valid domain and provide the username and password of a user who has rights to add a computer to the domain. Both a DC for domain and a DNS server must be available to authenticate the request to join the domain.

Windows 2000 Server: Membership in a Domain Workgroup

Once installation choice for Windows 2000 Server is whether your computer will be installed as a part of a workgroup or as part of a domain.

You should install as part of a workgroup if you are part of a small, decentralized network or if you are running Windows 2000 Sever on a non-networked computer. To join a workgroup, you simply choose that workgroup.

Windows 2000 Server: Per Seat Licensing

If your users access more than one server concurrently, choose Per Seat licensing. For example, if you have 10 users and two servers with Per Seat licensing, you will need to buy only 10 client licenses, called Client Access Licenses (CAL’s). Under Per Server licensing, each server would have to be licensed for 10 connections.

Windows 2000 Server: Per Server Licensing

You should choose Per Server licensing if your users access only one server at a time. For example, if you have 10 users and one server, Per Server will be less expensive.

Windows 2000 Server: Options for Licensing

When you install Windows 2000 Server, you are given the choice between Per Server or Per Seat licensing. Per Server licensing specifies the number of concurrent network connections that can be made to a server. Per Seat licensing specifies that each client will be licensed separately and that each client can access as many servers as it needs.

Windows 2000 Server: Licensing Mode

Licensing pays the good folks at Microsoft for all of the hard work they put into developing the Windows 2000 operating system. There are two main aspects to licensing. You pay for the local operating system, and you pay for client access. So if you are running Windows 2000 Server as your server and Windows 2000 professional and Windows 98 for your clients, you must license the appropriate operating system for each individual computer. You also license the access of network servers.

Windows 2000 Server: NTFS

NTFS is a file system designed to provide additional features for Windows NT and Windows 2000 computers. NTFS version 5 ships with Windows 2000. Following are some features of NTFS:

1 - Local security settings for files and folders

2 - Data compression to reduce disk storage requirements

3 - Disk quotas, which can be assigned to limit the amount of disk space a user can use

4 - File encryption, for an additional level of security

Unless you are planning to dual-boot your computer to an operating system other than Windows NT, Microsoft recommendations using NTFS.

Windows 2000 Server: Fat 32 Disadvantages

The disadvantages of FAT32 are that it lacks several of the features offered by NTFS for a windows 2000 system, such as local security, file encryption, disk quotas, and compression.

If you choose to use FAT, Windows 2000 will automatically format the partition with FAT16 if the partition is under 2GB. Partitions over 2GB will be automatically partitioned as FAT32.

Warning: Windows NT 4 and earlier releases of NT do not support FAT32.

Windows 2000 Server: Fat 32

Fat32 is the 32-bit version of FAT. It was first introduced in 1996 with Windows 95, OEM (original equipment manufacturer) Service Release 2 (OSR2). Fat32’s many advantages over FAT16 include the following:

1 - Disk partitions can be as large as 2TB (terabytes).

2 - More safeguards were added to provide fault tolerance in the event of disk failure.

3 - It improves disk-space by reducing cluster size.

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dosh per apnay udtha e senkarroon sadiyoon ka baar
zindagi say tha kabhi ab sunsan hay
yeh khamoshi is kay hangamoon ka goristan hay

Apnay sukkan e kohan ki khak ka dildada hay
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Windows 2000 Server: FAT16

FAT16 (originally just FAT) is the 16-bit file system widely used by DOS and Windows 3.x. Fat 16 tracks the storage location of files on a disk using a file allocation table and a directory entry table. With FAT, the table of directory entries keeps track of the location of the file’s first block, the filename and extension, the date and time stamps on the file, and any attributes associated with the file.

The disadvantages of FAT16 are that it only supports partitions up to 2GB and does not offer the security features of NTFS.

On the plus side, FAT16 is backward compatible, which is important if the computer will be dual booted with DOS or any other operating system. DOS, Unix, Linux, OS/2, Windows 3.1, and Windows 9x are compatible with FAT16.

Windows 2000 Server: File System Selection

Another factor that determines your disk-partitioning scheme is the type of file system you use. Windows 2000 Server supports three file systems: the File Allocation Table (FAT16), FAT32, and New Technology File System (NTFS).

Windows 2000 Server: Disk Partition Configuration Utilities

If you are partitioning your disk prior to installation, you can use several utilities, including the DOS or Windows FDISK program or a third-party utility such as PowerQuest’s Partition Magic. You might want to create only the first partition where Windows 2000 Server will be installed. You can the use the disk management utility in Windows 2000 to create any other partitions you need. The Windows 2000 disk Management utility is discussed in further posts.

Tip

You can get more information about FDISK and other disk utilities from your DOS or Windows documentation. Also basic DOS functions are covered in Windows 2000.

Windows 2000 Server: Special Disk Configurations

Windows 2000 Server supports several disk configurations. Options include simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, and RAID-5 volumes.

Tip

Remember, the system and boot partitions hold files that are the opposite of what their names imply. The system file contains the boot files, and the boot partition holds the operating system files.

Note

Windows 2000 Professional does not support mirrored and RAID-5 volumes. It does support simple, spanned, and striped dynamic volumes.

Windows 2000 Server: The Boot Partitions

The boot partition contains the files that are the Windows operating system. By default, the Windows operating system files are located in a folder named WINNT. You can, however, specify another location for this folder during the installation process. Microsoft recommends that the boot partition be at least 1GB.

Windows 2000 Server: The System Partitions

The system partition contains the files needed to boot the Windows 2000 Server operating system. The system partition files do not take any significant disk space. By default, the system partition uses the computer’s active partition, which is usually the C: drive.

Windows 2000 Server: The System and Boot Partitions

When you install Windows 2000, files will be stored in two locations:

The system partition

And

The boot partition

Windows 2000 Server: Recommendations

Just for Windows 2000 Server itself, Microsoft recommends that you allocate at least one GB of disk space. This allows room for the operating system files and for future growth in terms of upgrades, and for installation files that are placed with the operating system files.

Windows 2000 Server: Size Matters

One important consideration in your disk-partitioning scheme is determining the partition size. You need to consider the mount of space taken up by your operating system, the size of applications that will be installed, and the amount of stored data. It’s also important to consider future space requirements.

Windows 2000 Server: Partitioning of Disk Space

Disk partitioning is the act of taking the physical hard drive and creating logical partitions. Creating a logical drive is how space is allocated to the drive’s primary and logical partitions. Disk partitioning and logical drives are discussed in next pages. Following are some of the major considerations for disk partitioning.

1 - The amount of space required

2 - The location of the system and boot partition

3 - Any special disk configurations you will use

4 - The utility you will use to set up the partitions

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Windows 2000 Server: Coming up Sections

We shall study following five sections described in further posts.

1 - How your hard disk space will be partitioned

2 - The file system your partitions will use

3 - The licensing method the computer will use

4 - Whether the computer will be part of a workgroup or a domain

5 - The language and locale for the computer’s settings

Windows 2000 Server: Installation Options

You will make choice during the Windows 2000 Server installation process. Before you start the installation, you should know which option you will select. Following are some of the options that you will configure, as described in the sections coming up.

Windows 2000 Server: Clean Install

If you don’t have Windows NT Server, you need to perform a clean install. A clean install puts the operating system into a new folder and uses its default settings the first time the operating system is loaded.

Windows 2000 Server: The Only Up-gradation

The only operating systems that can be upgrade to Windows 2000 Server are Windows NT Server versions 3.51 and 4. Any other operating systems cannot be upgraded, but they may be able to coexist with Windows 2000 in a multi-boot environment.

Windows 2000 Server: Upgrade

If you already have Windows NT installed on your computer, you might want to upgrade that system to Windows 2000 Server. In an upgrade, you retain options such as the Desktop, Users and Groups, and program groups and items. During an upgrade, you point to a prior operating system, and the Windows 2000 Server files are loaded into the same folder that contained the former operating system.

Windows 2000 Server: Clean Install or Upgrade?

One you have determined that your hardware meets the minimum requirements and is on the official HCL, you need to decide whether you want to do a clean install or an upgrade.

Windows 2000 Server: Configuration

If you call Microsoft for support, the first thing a Microsoft support engineer will ask about is your configuration. If you have any hardware that is not on the HCL, there is no guarantee of support.

Windows 2000 Server: Affect on Stability

The windows 2000 Server operating system requires control of the hardware for stability, efficiency, and security. The hardware and supported drivers on the HCL have been put through rigorous tests. Microsoft guarantees that the items on the list meet the requirements for Windows 2000 Server and do not have incompatibility that affect the stability of the operating system.

Windows 2000 Server: Hardware Compatibility List

Along with meeting the minimum requirements, your hardware should appear on the hardware compatibility list (HCL). The HCL is an extensive list of computers and peripheral hardware that have been tested with the windows 2000 Server operating system.

Windows 2000 Server: Recommended Requirements

The recommended requirements are what Microsoft recommends in order to achieve what is considered “acceptable performance” for the most common configurations. Since computer technology and the standards for acceptable performance are constantly changing, these recommendations are somewhat subjective. They are based on the standards at the time Windows 2000 Server was released.

Windows 2000 Server: Minimum Requirements

The minimum requirements specify the minimum hardware necessary before you should even consider installing Windows 2000 Server. These minimums assume that you are just installing the operating system and not running any special services or applications. For example, you may be able to get by with the minimum requirements if you are installing the operating system just to learn the basics of the software.

Windows 2000 Server: Hardware Requirements

In order to install Windows 2000 Server successfully, your system must meet certain hardware requirements. You will see a list in this blog which tells minimum requirements as well as the more-realistic recommended requirements.

Windows 2000 Server: Necessary Things

Before starting installation, make sure you have or know the following:

The hardware requirement for Windows 2000 Server

Whether your hardware is supported by Windows 2000 Server

The difference between a clean installation and an upgrade

What installation options are suitable for your system, such as the disk-partitioning scheme and file system you will select for Windows 2000 Server to use.

Windows 2000 Server: Installation

Planning and preparation are key to making your Windows 2000 Server installation go smoothly. Before you begin the installation, you should know what is required for a successful installation and have ready all the pieces of information you will need to supply during the installation process.

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Windows 2000 Server: Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server is the most powerful in the Microsoft server family. Designed for large-scale enterprise networks, this operating system includes all the features of Windows 2000 Advanced Server and adds the following.

• Advanced clustering services
  
• Support for up to 64GB of memory
• Up to 16-way SMP support (OEM versions can support up to 32 way SMP)

Windows 2000 Server: Windows 2000 Advanced Server

Windows 2000 Advanced Server is a more powerful server designed for medium to large operations. It includes all the features of Windows 2000 Server and more, including the following.

• Network load balancing
  
• Cluster services for application fault tolerance
  
• Support for up to 8GB of memoryUp to eight-way SMP support

Windows 2000 Server: Windows 2000 Server

Windows 2000 Server contains all the core features of the windows 2000 Server Family, Windows 2000 server can serve as a file and print server, an application server, a web server, and a communication server. Some of the features supported by Windows 2000 Server include the following.

• Active Directory
  
• Internet and web services
  
• High levels of security through Kerberos and a public-key infrastructure
  
• Windows Terminal Services
  
• Support for up to 4GB of memory

Windows 2000 Server: Selection of Server

The choice of Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advance Server, or Windows 2000 Datacenter Server will be based on which version is best suited for your company’s needs and budget. It is expected that Windows 2000 Server will be used in small to medium sized companies, and Windows 2000 advanced Server and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server by medium-sized to large companies or by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The following sections describe the main features of the three versions of Windows 2000 Server.

Windows 2000 Server: System recovery options

Windows Terminal Services, which enable legacy Desktop to access the network using the server’s processing power.

Significant support for internet connection through Internet Information Server (IIS).

System recovery options, available through Startup and Recovery Options when Windows 2000 Server is started.

Windows 2000 Server: Intellimirror Services

Support for remote operating system installations through services such as Remote Installation Server.

Intellimirror services which include features such as offline files and folders, automatic installation and repair of network applications, and the ability to control users’ Desktops by specifying Desktop configuration.

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Windows 2000 Server: Other Features

High levels of security through utilities such as Security Configuration and analysis; protocols such as Kerberos (for accessing resources in a Windows 2000 domain) and the IP Security Protocol (for authentication and data encryption); and the use of smart cards.

Windows 2000 Server: File Management Services

File management services, which include features such as the distributed File System (Dfs), increased security through the Encrypting File System (EFS), and the ability to set disk quotas for users of volumes.

Windows 2000 Server: MMC

An administrative console called the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which can be customized by administrator to provide whatever administrative tools are required in a single logical framework.

Improved hardware support, including Plug-and-play capabilities and hardware Wizards that facilitate new hardware installation.

Windows 2000 Server: Primary Features

The active directory, which is based on Directory Services and provides a scalable network architecture that can be used to support a single server with a few objects, or thousands of servers with millions of objects.

Windows 2000 Server: Overview

The first section of this chapter provides an overview of the Windows 2000 Server family. Then you will learn how to prepare for Windows 2000 server installation, perform the installation, troubleshoot any installation problems, and set up for dual-booting.

Windows 2000 Server: Boot

When you install Windows 2000 Server, you should consider weather the computer will be used for dual-boot or multi-boot. Dual or multi booting allows you to have your computer boot with operating systems other than windows 2000 Server.

Windows 2000 Server: Boot

When you install Windows 2000 Server, you should consider weather the computer will be used for dual-boot or multi-boot. Dual or multi booting allows you to have your computer boot with operating systems other than windows 2000 Server.

Windows 2000 Server: Troubleshooting

If you have any problem with the installation, you will need to troubleshoot them. Some problems that you might encounter are media defects or hardware that doesn’t meet the minimum requirements.

Windows 2000 Server: Troubleshooting

If you have any problem with the installation, you will need to troubleshoot them. Some problems that you might encounter are media defects or hardware that doesn’t meet the minimum requirements.

Windows 2000 Server: Other Information

Once you have completed all the planning, you are ready to install. This is a straightforward process that includes running a setup program, running a setup wizard, and installing Windows 2000 Networking. If you are installing Windows 2000 as a domain controller, the final part of the process is to upgrade the server to a domain controller (DC).

Windows 2000 Server: Important Information

Preparing for an installation involves making sure that your hardware meets the minimum requirements and that Windows 2000 Server supports your hardware. When you install Windows 2000 Server, you should know weather you are upgrading or installing a clean copy on your computer. An upgrade preserves existing settings; a clean install puts a clean copy of the operating system with brand-new settings on your computer. Installation preparation also involves making choices about your system’s configuration, such as selecting a file system and a disk partitioning scheme.

Windows 2000 Server: Critical Information

The Windows 2000 Server operating system provides many powerful features, including the active directory (AD), the Microsoft Management Console ((MMC), and high levels of security. The Windows 2000 server family is scalable through three versions: Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 Data-center Server. Before you can do anything with Windows 2000 Server, you must first install the product. This process is actually fairly easy if you have prepared for the installation, know what the requirements are, and have met the prerequisites for a successful installation.

Windows 2000 Server: Coverage of Objectives

Coverage of this objective includes the basic and advanced features of Windows 2000 server. You will need to be familiar with the requirements for installation and the basic configuration options needed to complete the installation. This section’s necessary procedures section walks you through the attended installation process, which assumes that you are not upgrading from a previous version of Windows 2000. The upgrade is covered later in the chapter.

Windows 2000 Server: Ability Test

As is to be expected, this exam topic carries a lot of weight. Your ability to plan and carry out installation of Windows 2000 Server will be thoroughly tested.

Windows 2000 Server: Attended Installation

An attended installation of windows 2000 server is the normal and typical way to install. Since most servers are unique in there function on the network, this work is done on a case-by-case basis. Microsoft has provided many tools to help you complete this task as easily as possible.

Windows 2000 Server: Troubleshooting Failed Installations

Additionally, this chapter discusses deployment of service packs and the troubleshooting of failed installations. Service packs will be lightly covered on the exam, but troubleshooting failed installations will always remain a hot topic.

Windows 2000 Server: Attended and Unattended Installation

The attended installation is the most common and is heavily tested. The section on unattended installations covers how to use the setup manager to assist in automating the installation process. The tools and installation methodology for unattended installations are also well covered in the exam. The third method of installation, upgrading the system from Windows NT Server, will receive gradually less emphasis in the exams.

Windows 2000 Server: First Chapter

This chapter covers what you need to know about installing the Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. As you will see, there are many facets to the installation process. We will look at everything from manually installing the operating system to performing unattended installations to performing upgrades.

Windows 2000 Server: Upgrading Process

As the Windows 2000 Server product matures, you will notice the exam changing its focus. Initially, upgrading will be an important topic, but after a while Microsoft will begin to de-emphasize the upgrade process and test more heavily on clean installations, As in the past, Microsoft will try to keep the exam focused on what is happening in the marketplace. Initially, many networks will be doing upgrades of existing systems. After the upgrade process has run its course, the majority of installations will be clean installations. The exam will reflect this activity.

Windows 2000 Server: Contact Information

(Microsoft Certification Development Team-
Web: http://www.microsoft.com/trainingandservices

Contact the Microsoft Certification Development Team through their web site to volunteer for participation in one or more exam development phases or to report a problem with an exam. Address written correspondence to the Certification Development Team, Microsoft Education and certification, one Microsoft way, Redmond, WA 98052

Windows 2000 Server: After Examination

Once you have completed an exam, you will be given immediate, online notification of your pass or fail status. You will also receive a printed Examination Score Report indicating your pass or fail status and your exam results by section. (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores are automatically forwarded to Microsoft within five working days after you take the test. You don’t need to send your score to Microsoft. If you pass the exam, you will receive confirmation from Microsoft, typically within two to four weeks.

Windows 2000 Server: Other Tools

Finally, there is the important matter of security. Windows 2000 Server makes it easier for you to put a security policy in place. There are several new tools to assist you, including the Encrypting File System (EFS), Local and System policies, and the Security Configuration Tool Set. This last is a set of tools that helps you analyze your security implementation and ensure that it’s adequate to protect your network and its assets. Of course, these security issues will all be covered on the exam.

Windows 2000 Server: Network Structure

The network structure itself is covered on the exam. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), Terminal Services, and Web services have been added to the core services of Windows 2000. These are in addition to the other network services-DHCP, WINS, and dynamic DNS-and protocols supported in past versions.

Windows 2000 Server: Functions of Network Administrator

Monitoring what’s going on inside the computer, and then optimizing the computer to run at a peak level of performance will always be primary functions of the network administrator. You will be tested on your knowledge of the tools used for these functions, as well as the parameters critical to understanding the computer’s operation. You will also be expected to understand how to protect the network’s data, both system state and user data. Windows 2000 Server incorporates many ways to handle the data. It includes support for data compression, disk quotas, and dynamic disks and volumes.

Windows 2000 Server: Up gradation

On Windows 2000 Server it’s easier to install and upgrade hardware. Through driver signing options, Microsoft helps you ensure that the drivers you use are the proper ones. Plug-and-play devices, too, make hardware issues less complex. These topics will be covered on the exam.

Windows 2000 Server: Advantages

No network is complete without resources. Windows 2000 provides many tools for managing critical information and making it easier for your users to find what they need on the network. The distributed file system (Dfs) is a new way to organize network resources. You will be tested on your proficiency to implement and use the Windows 2000 Server tools for granting access to resources.

Windows 2000 Server: Installation Planning

This book is designed to help you learn about Windows 2000 Server and to pass exam 70-215. We begin by covering the installation process, including attended and unattended installations-a favorite installation and how to carry it out. Because Windows 2000 replacing Windows NT 4.0 on networks, you will also be tested on your understanding of how to perform upgrades.

Windows 2000 Server: What to do

As in the past, the windows 2000 Server exam is key to the rest of the MCSE exams. It’s the primary exam for completing your MCSE certification. Your knowledge of Windows 2000 Server operation will help you on all of the other exams in the MCSE track.

Windows 2000 Server: Exam Measures

When you schedule the exam, you will be provided with instructions regarding appointment and cancellation procedures, ID requirements, and information and payment confirmation letter from Sylvan Prometric or VUE. Microsoft requires certification candidates to accept the terms of a nondisclosure agreement before taking certification exams.

Windows 2000 Server: Exams Criteria

You can schedule exams up to six weeks in advance or as late as one working day prior to the date of the exam. You can cancel or reschedule your exam if you contact the center at least two working days prior to the exam. Same-day registration is available in some locations, subject to space availability. Where same-day registration is available, you must register a minimum of two hours before test time.

Windows 2000 Server: Cost of exams

You should determine the number of the exam you want to take, and then register with the Sylvan Prometric or VUE registration center nearest to you. At this point, you will be asked for advance payment for the exam. The exams are $ 100 each. Exams must be taken within one year of payment.

Windows 2000 Server: Exam Registration

You may take the exams at any of more than 1,000 Authorized Prometric testing centers and VUET testing centers around the world. For the location of a testing center near you, call sylvan propetric at (800) 755-exam (755-3926), or call VUE at (888) 837-8616. Outside the United States and Canada, contact your local sylvan prometric or VUE registration center.

Windows 2000 Server: Exam Requirements

Successful candidates must pass a minimum set of exams that measure technical proficiency and expertise.

• Candidates for MCSE certification must pass seven exams including four core operating system exams, one design exam, and two electives.
• Candidates who have already passed three Windows NT 4 exams (70-068, and 70-073) may opt to take an “accelerated” exam plus one core design exam and two electives.

If you do not pass the accelerated exam after one attempt, you must pass the five core requirements and two electives.

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